Physics of gymnastics

In gymnastics, the physics behind complex movements involves principles like angular momentum, rotational inertia, and centripetal force. When a gymnast like Simone Biles performs flips and twists, she generates angular momentum by pushing off the ground with great force. By tucking her body tightly, she reduces her moment of inertia, allowing her to spin faster. Extending her limbs slows her rotation, helping her control the landing. Gravity plays a crucial role, pulling her back to the ground, while centripetal force keeps her body in a curved path during spins. These principles, combined with precise muscle control and timing, enable gymnasts to execute breathtaking routines.